Major Developments Major Developments by Calendar Year

November 19, 2013

The Nobel Prize Laureates of 2013

Filed under: Society — Tags: — Ralph C Dreher @ 1:55 AM

The Nobel prize achievers of 2013 in different categories were announced last month. These prizes are given by the Royal Swedish Academy of sciences annually in memory of Alfred Nobel to organizations and individuals who make significant contribution to Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Peace and Medicine.

Nobel Prize Winners, 2013 in Various Categories
Following are the 2013 Nobel prize winners in various categories:

1) Nobel Peace Prize
The 2013 Nobel Prize was given to The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons OPCW based in Netherlands for its outstanding performance and efforts in eliminating chemical weapons. These global weapons help in deploying worldwide teams to identify if all the nations have signed the treaty are disclosing all the chemical weapons and if possessing them, destroying both the weapons as well as manufacturer sites.

2) Nobel Prize in Chemistry
This award was given to three scientist from US – Michael Levitt, Martin Karplus and Arieh Warshel for developing multi-scale computer models for complex chemical system. These computer can predict chemical reactions that are used in creating new drugs and other tasks. This approach was the combination of classical and quantum Physics.

3) Nobel Prize in Physics
Nobel prize in Physics 2013 went jointly to Francois Englert from Britain and Peter W Higgs from Belgium for Theoretical discovery of a mechanism which contributed to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles that also got recently confirmed by discovering the predicted fundamental particle through CMS and ATLAS experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider.

4) Nobel Prize in Literature
The 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature was given to Alice Munro from Canada for mastering contemporary short story. She is 82 years old author, and is known for her famous stories like ‘The Moons of Jupiter’, ‘The Progress of Love’ and ‘Runaway’.

5) Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The 2013 the Nobel Prize in Medicine was given jointly to US based researchers, James Rothman, Randy Schekman and Thomas Suedhof for extensive efforts and work on the cell organizing its transport system. They helped in better understanding of tiny bubbles and vesicles that deliver cargo within a cell to right place and right time as any disturbance in this system can lead to neurological diseases, immunological disorders or diabetes.

6) Nobel Prize in Economics
The Nobel Prize in Economics was honored and shared between three Americans, Eugene Fama and Lars Peter Hansen from University of Chicago and Robert Shiller from Yale University for their performance of creating a deeper knowledge of how the prices in the market move.

The three economists have worked on methods that have been found useful in assessing the prices of financial assets over a period of time. They also have invented methods how price of financial assets can be measured. (more…)

November 12, 2013

Recent Advancements in Dental Technology

Filed under: 2013 — Tags: — Ralph C Dreher @ 6:10 AM

Dentistry is a field where technical advances happen continuously. This makes dentistry a challenging, exciting and a rewarding profession. Advancements and new technologies in dental field make dental procedures more comfortable, efficient and durable. In this article, we will discuss in this article the recent developments in dental technology.

Recent advancements in Dental Technology

Dental lasers/Diagnodent
Diagnodent is a new technology for detecting cavities early. It makes use of laser technology for identifying and detecting early signs of cavities/tooth decay. Some of the hidden cavities can be detected with the help of this tool, which sometimes x-rays might not show up in results clearly. Diagnodent enables dentists to perform treatment in its early stage.

Intra oral camera
Using intra oral camera, a clear picture of inside of the mouth is made visible to the patient. These cameras create high quality images. The images are used to give a clear state of oral health. It helps in building trust through visual communication.

Air abrasion
Air abrasion helps in removing the decayed tooth without anesthesia. Moreover, it can help remove old filling in the tooth but metallic restorations like amalgam fillings can’t be removed with the help of air abrasion.

Digital x-rays
This is one of the latest developments in dentistry. Many dentists are switching to digital x-rays, as these x-ray instruments give more accurate image and better results than traditional x-rays instruments do. Digital x-ray machines make use of digital technology rather than a film. Then the images are directly sent to the computer instead getting it developed in a dark room.

CT scans
CT scans are now used in modern dentistry. Dentists use this scan when performing implant surgery to view jawbone. This scan helps the dentists give the exact image when placing restorative devices. Sometimes, CT scans are used for the patients having impacted tooth, thus help in determining appropriate course of treatment.

Sedative dentistry
In modern dentistry, oral sedation is replacing traditional method of numbing the mouth. In this type of sedation, no needles are used. There are three types of sedation used:

  • Oral sedation
  • Inhalation sedation
  • Intra venous (IV) sedation

Oral sedation is easily administered. It requires swallowing a pill. In inhalation sedative method, a small mask that supplies oxygen and nitrous gas is placed on the nose throughout the treatment. After the treatment is completed, nitrous oxide is turned off and just oxygen will be supplied till the patient feels completely normal.

IV sedation is given through veins. As IV sedation has quick effects, many patients prefer for this kind of sedation.

Field of dentistry has come a long way from the use of traditional and manual dental instruments to more advanced and computerized equipment. These advancements are likely to help dentists do their job more efficiently, and are equally likely to benefit people with dental issues. (more…)

October 1, 2013

The Automotive Technology – Drive-by-Wire

Filed under: 2013,Technology — Tags: , — Ralph C Dreher @ 8:42 AM

This system is designed with the help of engineering management system for vehicles. This is world’s first steering technology that allows to control independently a vehicle’s steering inputs and also tire angle. By transmitting the steering inputs, to the tires by mechanical link, the steering system directs the movements of tire.

In future, technology of the steering control the tire movements of the vehicle by electronic signals by reading the driver’s intention from steering inputs. The future system will transfer drivers’ intention even faster to the wheels than the mechanical system, by quickly communicating road surface feed back to the drivers. It increases the direct driving performance. This system will provide necessary performance by avoiding the unnecessary road generated disturbances.

This system receives the frequency signals, that is, when the vehicle is moving. This system is also called “by wire” or “x by wire”. This system mainly relies on electronics and the wide range of vehicle operations will control by it that includes braking, acceleration and steering. This systems will have the potential to increase the safety, functionality, comfort during the drive.

If you replace the systems like drive by wire and conventional throttle system, it can reduce the number of moving parts in your vehicle significantly. This increases operational accuracy, decreases weight and stretches out the time between the service visits for maintaining things like mechanical and other adjustments and some other by wire systems does not require service at all.

To enhance the driving capability further, the Nissan has developed a system that is camera based straight line stability. By making small input adjustments, the technology improves vehicle stability. The vehicle will, then, accurately trace and it will continue as planned in the lane as it is traveling. Due to cross winds or road surface the vehicle direction will change and the system acts to minimize the effects of the conditions will result in reduced steering input from the driver. (more…)

July 9, 2013

History of Internet Advertising

Filed under: 2013 — Tags: — Ralph C Dreher @ 9:01 AM

Internet advertising is growing at a rapid pace and it is the fastest growing form of advertising than any other form of traditional advertising. Even though Internet advertising has been around since 1994, which is only 18 years old, it has gained immense popularity, and today it has become a necessity for every business owner to use it as a means of advertising, promoting and selling products and services online.

Imagining life without Internet advertising would be hard. So, lets take a look at the history of Internet advertising and the developments that took place in these 18 years.

Developments that took place between 1994 – 2000

  • Internet advertising or online advertising was started almost a decade ago in the year 1994.
  • In mid 1990s when Internet was new to the people, there was a misconception among the people that Internet is only useful to the scientists and students who are pursuing computer related academics.
  • Internet had become very common and easily available to the people during 1996 and 1997. Then, slowly people started understanding that, the Internet can also be used in various ways.
  • In 1994, HotWired first sold spaces on its website for advertisements to many businesses. This was the start of the Internet advertising.
  • Advertisers began buying spaces on the popular websites where their company’s brand would get noticed by the visitors.
  • Number of websites started growing in thousands and millions, and advertisers felt that it was not good to stick to one popular website. Then the advertisers started buying spaces from many popular websites and made it visible to many audiences.

Developments that took place from 2000 – Present

  • During early 2000, Internet users started identifying the benefits of commercial services on the Internet. This lead to the craze of having a website for businesses/organization, so that the presence of their company is felt in the Internet.
  • Since the start of Internet advertising, there was a constant growth till 1998 ($1.9 billion in annual revenue). But there was huge growth of Internet advertising market in 1999($7.6 billion in annual revenue) and the momentum is still continuing. The revenue is increasing every after year.
  • But the companies were not sure whether the user would visit the company’s website directly. Then came the concept of “banners” or “banner ads”.
  • Banner is a small note located at one side of the website with some information and link to the company’s website. When clicked on that link, user goes directly to the company’s website.
  • Internet advertising actually got noticed by the common people in 2007 with the help of Google. Google in 2007, brought the revolution of Internet advertising.
  • As years passed on, developments in technology and animation advertisements increased, where the use of technologies like flash player etc. came into existence.
    • Animation advertisements are small videos or a movie that attracts the user easily.
    • Animation advertisements make banner ads more lively and attractive.
  • After 2010, with the introduction of smart phones and advanced mobile phones in the market, it became easier for businesses to promote their products/services to the people. These high end phones provided access to the Internet and this is how Internet advertising market grew further.
  • Social networking sites made targeted audiences closer to the companies and the interaction between them has become more simple.

Online advertising has made a global phenomenon, and in the coming years there are lots of surprises in store that will make the online advertising platform easier to use and navigate.

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