Major Developments Major Developments by Calendar Year

Some of the sports champions are using illegal ways for doping in order to enhance their performance. This doping makes a negative mark on the sports person as well as on the country for which he/she is hosting.

Recently on August 23rd 2010, athletes of Pakistan were caught during the doping tests conducted by Anti Doping Organization Of Pakistan(ADOP). This occurred while national athletic Championship and during this championship seven male and female athletes were banned.

The athletes were tested with these doping tests and the results of seven male and female athletes were positive. They were using banned steroids and the board had punished them for two years. They were punished at National Training And Coaching. Muhammad Imran, Asif Javed, Muhammad Waseem were among males and Zara razzaq, Nadia Nazeer, Rozeena Shafqat, Shagufta Noreen were among female sprinters.

Out of the eight who are being tested in the championship, seven had appeared for the test and one female did not appear.

Thus, the Athletes of Pakistan have spoiled the image of the country by using the steroids for improving the performance.

There are constant changes in the growth of technology in sports like every other industry. The highest developed equipments are used in every sense. Technology is also used by the persons those who officiate it. If there is no use of available technology, then it may lead to a state of confusion and second-guessing in the sports events. There are few technical advances in sports from past 50 years such as:

HANS device: The Hans device was invented in the 1980, from then auto racing became safe in all levels. Robert Hubbard, engineering professor, developed the U shaped head restraint device. This device is kept behind the neck of the driver and it is attached to the helmet of the driver. This will save the head of the driver from injury in any crashes or accidents.

Instant replay: Instant replay is the biggest technological advance in any area. CBS sports use the instant replay for the first time at the time of Army vs Navy game in 1962. After wards, slow motion was added to the instant replay in the year of 1965. Freeze frame capability was added by the Ampex HS-100 Camera.

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The 18^th FIFA world cup 2006 was held from 09^th June 2006 to 09^th July 2006 in Germany. Sixty Four matches were conducted between 32 teams of different nations. The month of football in Germany attracted not only 3,359,439 spectators attending matches in the 12 wonderful stadiums (and Fan Fest millions) but also worldwide audience of more than 30 billion people. The World Cup was won by Italy by defeating France and clinched their fourth World Cup title. The winner of Adidas Golden Ball was Zinedine Zidane (France). Playing his last game before retiring, Zinedine Zidane’s career ended with bad reputation, as he was sent off for crazily colliding his head with Marco Materazzi (Italy) chest. He was expelled many times from matches for his violent conduct. He is one among the four persons who made three goals in World cup final matches. The winner of Adidas Golden Shoe is Miroslav Klose (Germany) as he had done five goals. Portugal’s flying winner Cristiano Ronaldo was another individual to flash as his team entered the last four for the first time since 1966.

Beijing National Stadium also known as Bird’s nest stadium hosted the Opening and Closing Ceremonies, athletic events, and football final of the 29th Summer Olympics 2008, from 8 August to 24 August 2008. Beijing Olympics are the most memorable, as it had splendid opening and closing ceremonies. They were awesome and striking. They had conducted these events with heavenly drums, silver bell dancers, light wheels, and flying men who took center stage to greet guests at the National Stadium on Sunday for the closing celebration of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. Beijing’s successful hosting of the Games and closing ceremony has drawn attention of world and received global applause. A display of numbers for the countdown using fireworks from 29 to indicate the 29th Olympiad initiated the Closing Ceremony with an audience of more than 90,000 present there. A total of 11,028 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) contested in 302 events in 28 sports. U.S. swimmer Michael Phelps won a record of eight gold medals, while Jamaican runner Usain Bolt bagged the traditional title of “World’s Fastest Man” by making new world records in the 100metres (330ft) and 200 metres (660ft) sprints. However, the Beijing Olmpics is going to be a challenge for Germany, which is going to host 2012 Olympics.